Apparatus for determining specific gravity.



Patented Dec. 15, 1908.

F. A. GOURTOISL APPLIOATION FILED NOV.16, 1907.

APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING SPEGIFIG GRAVITY.

, INVENTOI? ATTORNEYS FERNAND A. COURTOIS, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING SPECIFIC GRAVITY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

iatented Dec. 15, 1908.

Application filed November 16, 1907. Serial No. 402,438.

To all whomit may concern:

Be it known that I, FERNAND A. Counrors, a citizen of the Republic of France, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved A paratus for Determining S ecific Gravity, of which the following is a full clear, and exact description.

This invention relate's to ap aratus for determining specific gravity, an is particularly useful in connection with hydrometers, for

- ascertaining the densities of liquids.

An object of the invention is to rovide a simple and inexpensive apparatus or determinmg specific gravities, particularly of liquids, which obviates the (llfliculties often encountered in obtaining the hydrometer readings, owing to the presence of the meniscus of the liquid under investigation.

A further object of the invention is to rovide an apparatus of the class descri ed, which is used in combination with an ordinary hydrometer, which has means for maintainingthe liquid undergoing examination, at a constant level, and which is provided of the' hydrometer scale.

The invention consists in the construction,

and combination of parts to be more fully de? scribed hereinafter, and particularly set forth. in the'claims.

ing drawings forming a part of this specification, in' which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in both views, and in which- 7 Figure 1 is a partial longitudinal section of the device showing thesame in use in combination with a liquld under investigation, and of a hydrometer; and Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal section of the hydrometer.

Before proceeding to a more detailed explanation of my invention, it should be understood that it can be used with hydrometers of different types, though I prefer to em ploy in connection therewith a hydrometer of the form shown in the accompanying drawm s, which consists of the float, the ballast bu b, and the stem carrying the hydrometer scale. The hydrometer is also shown with a thermometer, by means of which the temperature of the liquid under examination can be ascertained, and which is necessary for many purposes in testing and-experimental operature of the liquid, causes a distortion of the liquid surface. The hydrometers commonly used have the scale graduated to read at the surface of the liquid, and consequently, the distortion of the lit uid surface, due to the meniscus, renders the reading of the scale problematical in many instances.

In my invention, the hydrometer scale 1s specially graduated and is read not at the surface of the liquid but at a fixed point thcreabove, provided by a movable cover which is normally mounted upon the receptacle which holds the liquid being tested. I provide means for maintaining the surface of'the liquid constant with respect to the cover, so that the readings of the hydrometer scale can always be obtained with absolute accuracy.

1* Referring more particularly to the draw dings, 1 represents a vessel adapted to receive the liquid to'be tested, and fashioned from with fixed means adapted to coact with the hydrometer, to permit the accurate reading any suitable material, such as glass, metal, porcelain or the like. The vessel 1 is preferably cylindrical in form and has a base 2, to insure the stability of the vessel. The upper rim of the latter is preferably annular in form, and lies in a plane substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the Reference is to be had to the accompanyvessel. Surrounding the upper rim of the latter is an annular overflow receptacle 3, preferably formed integral with the vessel and having the rim projecting beyond the rim of the vessel. allyedisposcd, peripheral retainingflange 5, is removably mounted u on the rim of "the overflow receptacle, and ms the flange 5 engaging at the outer side of the receptacle to hold the cover firmly in position. Thelatter has a substantially central opening 6, for a purpose which will appear hereinafter. In the accompanying drawings is shown the form of the hydrometer which I prefer to use in connection with my inventlon. This hydrometer comprises a float bulb below the same a ballasting bulb 8, and lntegral with the float bulb a stem 9. The h drometer is formed of any suitable materla preferably glass, and is provided with ballast in the .bulb 8 which insures the floating of the hydrometer in the position shown 1n Fig. 1. A thermometer is arranged within the hy- A cover 4, having a laterdrometer and has the bulb 10, arranged within the constricted neck 11, between the float bulb 7 and the ballast bulb 8, so that the li uid within which the hydrometer floats is su stantially in contact with the thermometer bulb. The thermometer tube 12, extends longitudinally of the hydrometer into the stem 9. The hydrometer scale 13 is arranged preferably within the stem 9, and as shown in Fig. 2 may, for instance, be suitably mounted upon the thermometer tube. The thermometer graduations are marked upon the latter in the usual manner. When the thermometer and hydrometer scales are within the stem. 9', the latter must of course, be of transparent material to permit the reading of the scales without difficulty. The thermometer tube 12 can be held in osition within the stem 9 by means of b ocks or collars 14, arranged within the stem and rovided with openings to receive the t ermometer tube.

When it is desired to use m'yapparatus, the vessel 1 -is filled nearly to.the top with the liquid 15, which is to be investigated. The hydrometer is then inserted in the li uid and displaces a sufficient quantity of the quid to cause the same to overflow into the receptacle 3. Thus, under the circumstances, the over flow of the li uid serves to maintain the level constant an at the rim of the vessel.

cus, for instance, as shown in-the drawings, a concave meniscus 16. The cover 4 1s ar-' ranged u on the rim of the vessel 3 with the v stem 9 o the hydrometer projecting through the opening 6.. The scale 13 is graduated to read not at the surface of the liquid, but at the upper face of the cover 4. Consequently the meniscus offers no obstruction to the reading of the scale.

Having thus described my invention,

claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A device of the class described, comprising a vessel having an overflow receptacle The -liquid 15 at the upper surface forms a menis-' at the top thereof, said overflow receptacle having a rim extending above the up er rim of said vessel, and a cover removably arranged upon said overflow receptacle above said vessel, and being adapted to co-act with the hydrometer to permit the accurate reading of-the scale thereof. a

2. A device of the class described, comprising a vessel having an overflow receptacle surroundin the upper rim thereof, and a said cover being adapted to coact with a hydrometer to permit the accurate reading of the scale thereof.

" 3. A device of the class described, comprising a vessel having an overflow receptacle surrounding the upper rim thereof, the

yond the upper rim'of said vessel, and a cover removabl'y arranged upon the rim of said receptacle, said cover having 'an opening to hydrometer stem, and being adapted to coact with the hydrometer to permit the accurate reading of the hydrometer scale at the cover.

having a stem carrying a hydrometer scale and a thermometer scale, of a vessel having an overflow rece tacle surrounding the upper rim thereof, t e rim of said receptacle'extending beyond the upper rim of said vessel, and a cover removab y mounted upon said rim of said receptacle and having an opening therethrough ada ted to permit the projection through sai opening of said hydrometer stem, said hydrometer scale being calibrated to read 'at the upper face of said cover. 3

. In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FERNAND A. COURTOIS.

Witnesses:

Gno. C. FIELD, LEWIS S. HOYT.

cover removab y arranged over said vessel,

rim of said overflow receptacleextending be- I permit the projection therethrough of the 4. The combination, with a hydrometer 

